Board Diversity As An Effective Corporate Governance

Board Diversity as an Effective Corporate Governance Tool in a Developing Economy: Challenges and Prospects. NAME: BASSEY EDIDIONG OFFIONG The thesis will examine the effect of board diversity as a critical factor for ensuring effective corporate governance among public companies across the globe. The motivation for the research came on the backdrop of the approval of the European Commission proposal by the European Parliament to improve the gender balance in company boards last year which calls to question what are the developing countries doing. It is hoped that at the end of this research, the study would contribute significantly to the Literature on Corporate governance exploring the issue of diversity (especially gender) in†¦show more content†¦5. Do secondary forms of Diversity have an overall effect on the profitability of the company? Background and motivation According to Cox â€Å"Diversity is the variation of social and Cultural identities among people existing together in a defined employment or market setting† Primary categories of diversity include gender, race, ethnicity, age etc. Secondary categories of diversity include education, experience, marital status, beliefs, and backgrounds. The Nigerian Code of Corporate governance states that the Board should be of a sufficient size relative to the scale and complexity of the company’s operations and be composed in such a way as to ensure diversity of experience without compromising independence, compatibility, integrity and availability of members to attend meetings. From this clause, it is quite clear that not much has been put in terms of legislation by the Nigerian government to ensure diversity in the boardrooms as compared to their foreign counterparts who have established legislation on gender diversity. They are usually in form of quota such as Norway, or comply and explain requirements e.g. Australia. Although the Millennium development goals advocates gender equality to be accomplished by 2015, many developing countries including Nigeria still fall short of the mark. In Nigeria, for example, there are places where women and girls have no voice with women having no say in decisions that concern them such as marriage, business

Pros And Cons Of Energy Drinks - 1177 Words

As the selling of energy drinks begin to accelerate quickly over the years there has been the pros and cons of these kinds of beverages. Researchers have been finding evidence where adolescents have stated the hazards and benefits of these common drinks. In the early 2000s the percentages of consumptions of energy drinks from young children including early adults have rapidly been increasing over the years. The evidence that the Pediatrics is stating is proven and have reported that in 2003 an average of 16 percent of teenagers have frequently been consuming drinks until in 2008 the percentage has completely elevated to 35 percent. And to this day researchers are investigating the rating of people rushing through the emergency rooms due to†¦show more content†¦Researchers have stated that the reason why energy drinks hold so much caffeine is because guarana is another type of component that holds more caffeine. As the saying goes, another ingredient that holds in is sugar. S ugar substance can hold â€Å"21 grams to 34 grams per 8 ounces† sugar comes from substance of â€Å"sucrose, glucose or high fructose corn syrup†. If consumers drink energy drinks twice they are most likely be drinking about more than 100 milligrams of sugar in it. Young Americans who drinks these types of drinks are at high risk because it may lead to sudden death or increasing of fat and dental complications. Overall sugar causes effective health problems through an individual’s body reasoning to having a maximum amount of sugar that contains in these beverages. Another compound that is found in energy drinks is Taurine. Taurine is helpful for an individual body because it can sustenance by increasing you brain mentality and can elevate in physical performances. This type of element is also found in food such as meat and seafood and especially for dairy milk; however, researchers have stated that when it comes to Taurine in energy drinks is unhealthy since it is higher than in normal foods but there is no backup evidence that it is unwholesome for a person’s body. Ginseng is also provided in energy drinks and there has been saying that this type of ingredient supports your body by accelerating physical performances, â€Å"strengthens the immune system andShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of Energy Drinks959 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen a constant battle between whether energy drinks are beneficial or harmful to our health. A common positive claim on the subject is the increase in energy to make it through the day. Adversely, it is said these drinks are too high in sugar and cause health issues. While there may be temporary benefits in consuming energy drinks, I feel the cons over rule. Live Strong, a trendy health site, recently posted an article on the advantages of drinking energy drinks. The focus on the claims revolve aroundRead MoreFactors Influencing The Positioning Of Crescent712 Words   |  3 Pagessegmentation is based on demographic and psychographic. In the market research, it is clear to see that the largest group of energy-drink consumers were males between ages 18 and 34, and Roughly half of men drank sports drinks, while only a third of women. Choosing a sports drink or an energy drink is inextricably linked to the age and sex of the customers.in addition, the sale of energy drinks with lower levels of caffeine and purer ingredients were rising due to consumer demand for healthier food and beverageRead MoreCoca-Cola Brazil - Tubainas War Essays1343 Words   |  6 Pages1. Briefly summarize the major characteristics of the Brazilian soft drink market. †¢ There were more than 3500 brands of soft drink in Brazil, manufactured in more than 700 plants in 2004. From 1986 to 2003 nonalcoholic drink consumption lead to 11.6 billion liters with average year to year growth of 13.92%. †¢ Post economic stabilization in Brazil, per capita consumption of soft drinks shot up 60% from 1994 to 1999. †¢ According to Brazilian Market Research Association classification of five socialRead MoreCrescent Case Essay959 Words   |  4 Pagesis not a healthy alternative for energy drinks. Most of these drinks are full of high fructose corn syrup and loaded with extreme amounts of caffeine. Crescent give the consumers a healthy alternative to this option. The trend these days is towards more organic and healthier choices. Crescent is just that. It gives the option for a healthy version of an energy drink which is much needed. The Energy Drink market is growing at a much faster rate than the sport drink market as well as the fitting intoRead MoreDr Pepper Snapple Case1412 Words   |  6 Pageslengthy discussion on the energy beverage market in the United States. As a brand manager for Snapple beverages at the Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc., he was charged with assessing whether or not a profitable market opportunity existed for a new energy beverage brand to be produced, marketed, an d distributed by the company in 2008. Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc. was the only major domestic nonalcoholic beverage company in the United States without a significant branded energy drink of its own. The decisionRead MoreStrategic Marketing 3 March With Solution 2 3 4 5 1860 Words   |  8 PagesCrescent is PDB’s first entry in the US sport and/or energy beverage market, what must PDB do in regard to Crescent’s pending launch? 3 2. What factors should influence the positioning of Crescent? (textbook chapter 7-8-9) 9 2.1 Crescent pure as Sports Drink 9 3. How is the market segmented? At what segment should Crescent be targeted? Fout! Bladwijzer niet gedefinieerd. 4. What are the pros and cons of positioning Crescent as an energy drink, a sports drink, or a healthy organic beverage? Fout! BladwijzerRead MoreThe Effects Of Popular Energy Drinks On Young Adults And Teenagers1410 Words   |  6 PagesPopular energy drinks, such as Rockstar, 5-Hour Energy, and Monster are consumed by individuals, as a way to remain cognizant, as well as alert, throughout their day. Many of the people consuming these drinks are young adults and teenagers. These people are oftentimes overwhelmed and busy. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website, states, â€Å"Energy drinks are beverages that typically contain caffeine, other plant-based stimulants, simple sugars, and other additives. They are very popularRead MoreThe Pros Of Drinking Coffee Essay1990 Words   |  8 PagesGrowing up, I was always told not to drink coffee because it supposedly was bad for my health and was very addicting; a bad habit. Due to not being presented the pros of drinking c offee every day, I never understood why people drank it in the first place. As I aged, I became aware of these pros, but I didn’t know if the pros and cons I was told about were true for everyone. I also wasn’t certain if I knew of all the possible pros and cons, simply because I never drank coffee before. To erase thisRead MoreThe Gatorade Sports Drink Company1701 Words   |  7 Pages The Gatorade sports drink was founded in 1965 by a group of university physicians at University of Florida after an assistant coached asked the why his football players were so affected by the heat. This lead to the discovery and invention of a carbohydrate and electrolyte drink to help replenish and refuel the nutrients lost through sweat and exercise. The University of Florida’s mascot is the Gator, which is how they came up with the name Gatorade. PepsiCo acquired Gatorade in 2001. Gatorade alsoRead MoreThe Leeds Livery Essay1546 Words   |  7 Pagesincome with minimum risk? Porters Five Forces Analysis 1. Buyer Power Who? Individuals and businesses Low switching cost for customers Customers are attracted by low price with high quality standards high 2. Supplier Power Who? Labour, food and drink providers Low cost of switching suppliers 3. Substitutes High number of substitutes such as restaurants, hotels, motels, bars Substitute products entry is high Maintain customer satisfaction and comfort creates low room for substitutes There isn’t

Compare and Contrast the Role of Lay Personell Free Essays

Compare and contrast the role of and function of judges, lawyers and lay people within the English courts Lay people are individuals with no legal training from a variety of backgrounds which is said to be used to promote an equal society. The role of Magistrates and Jurors are similar in ways of characteristics needed; for example both must be aged 18-70 and those who are in the police or have previous criminal convictions are ruled out. The selection process is however very different, the Lord Chancellor will appoint lay magistrates on behalf of the queen whereas jurors are selected by an electoral register for the area in which the court is situated and is done by a computer at the Central Summoning Bureau. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast the Role of Lay Personell or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lay Magistrates are unpaid, part time volunteers whereas jurors are also unpaid but may be unwilling however failure to attend can result in prosecution or a fine. Magistrates can claim a small allowance and compensation for lost earnings. Both parties make their decision based on facts, such as guilt or innocence in trials whereby the difference is that Magistrates can sentence the defendant whereas jurors cannot. Both are used in the right for a †trial by our peers†, ordinary people with experience of real life situations. Jurors will serve for a period of usually two weeks as apposed to Magistrates who will serve part time for different periods of time. Although lay magistrates and district judges do a very similar job there are many differences between how they work, their qualifications and employment. Lay magistrates, otherwise known as Justice of the Peace sit in magistrate’s courts, generally in groups of three, whereas judges usually sit alone. 1999 there were 90, of whom about 20% were women, whereas there are an almost equal number of men and women magistrates, showing that judges are not a mirror image of trial by ones peers such as lay people. Judges are members of the professional judiciary who are legally qualified and salaried, working full time whereas the lay magistrate and jury are not paid and work part time/ a period of two weeks. Judges have practised for at least 7 years as a barrister or a solicitor. One way to become a solicitor is have ‘A’ levels and go onto a Law degree then do 1 year on a legal practice course, then do a 2 year training period. One way to be a barrister is to do a Law degree then become a member of an Inn court and dine at the Inn or attend weekend courses, then do a 1 year ocational training course before being called to the bar. No formal qualifications are required for a lay magistrate or jury, but they do need intelligence, common sense, integrity and the capacity to act fairly. Lay magistrates are appointed by the Lord Chancellor (on behalf of the Queen) on the recommendation of the 100 local advisory committee, judges are also appointed by the Lord Chancellor and are appoi nted from those who have held advocacy qualifications for seven years. Soliciters play a totally different role all together, they tend to work alongside a Legal executive with the Legal executive being the Solicitors assistants, they will deal with the more straight forward cases themselves such as preparing wills or leases and also have limited rights of audience in court, mainly making applications in the County court where cases are not defended. Barristers are the specialists of the court room. However once a barrister receives his/her certificate to practice they undertake a completely different life style. This life requires them to dress in dark black gowns and white woolen wigs whilst they advocate in courts such as the crown court. They also wear this â€Å"uniform† whilst they are in their chamber and when they are giving out legal advice on their specialist subject of higher law unlike lay people who do not require a uniform and soliciters must wear a smart suit. Soliciters will instruct a Barrister for their client, and unlike barristers will establish a compelling defence for the barrister to then stand up in court and argue it for the client. However both parties must have a comprehesive understanding of law and soliciters can also give Barristers law advice on cases of law. E. g. negligence, wills, conveyancing etc. Unlike lay people and soliciters practicing Barristers are usually self-employed but usually work from sets of chambers with approximately 20 members in order to share administration costs and a clerk. More recent access to Justice act gives solicitors the right to do advocacy so they can also appear in court as advocates but need to gain an advocacy certificate before they can do so, unlike barristers. How to cite Compare and Contrast the Role of Lay Personell, Papers

What Was The Holocaust Essay Example For Students

What Was The Holocaust Essay The Holocaust remains, and will continue to remain as one of the most horrific things that has happened to a group of people. The absolute inhumanity of the Holocaust puzzles people even today. Contemporary people wonder just how it happened, how could a people be systematically killed, tortured, murdered. The answer will probably never be found, but future generations can avoid something like the Holocaust by studying it, and never forgetting The Nazis did not start out with The Final Solution, which did not come till later. The first step on the path to that solution was the Nazi decree defining a non-Aryan as anyone descended from non-Aryan, especially Jewish, parents or grandparents. One parent or grandparent classifies the descendant as non-Aryanespecially if one parent or grandparent was of the Jewish faith. . The distinction of who was Aryan and who were not was very important to Hitler. This distinction allowed the Jews and others to be discriminated against. At this time the German people probably have no idea what these laws will lead to. Next came the exclusion of the Jew from the arts by the Reich Chamber of Culture, every time a right was stripped away from a Jew it was easier to view them as not human. In September of 1933 the Nazis prohibit Jews from owning land, the rights of the Jewish people were being taken away at a frightening pace. In 1934 more was done to the Jewish race. Jews are banned from the German Labor Front, not allowed national health insurance, and prohibited from getting legal qualifications. The following year Nazis ban Jews from serving in the military, force Jewish performers/artists to join Jewish Cultural Unions, and the Jew Codes (Nuremberg Race Laws) were established. These Jew Codes prohibited many things, not only was it against the law for an Aryan to marry a Jew, it was against the law to have sexual relations between Aryans and Jews also. Jews were also no longer considered to be citizens of Germany, they were now subjects. In 1938 things continued to get worse with the order for Jews to register wealth and property, Jewish owned businesses were to register, Jews were prohibited from trading and providing a variety of specified commercial services, the Nazis ordered Jews over age 15 to apply for identity cards from the police, Jewish doctors were prohibited by law from practicing medicine, and Jewish passports to be stamped with a large red J. . The world community noted this obvious anti-Semitism, but nothing was done. Another slap in the face was Kristallnacht or the The Night of the Broken Glass. This was an organized Nazi raid upon Synagogues, Jewish homes, and even Jews themselves. Many synagogues were burned to the ground, and fire departments did nothing, or they made sure the fires did not spread to nearby non-Jewish homes. Any insurance claims that were made, the state of Germany confiscated, and the Jews were ordered to actually pay one billion marks for that night. The continuing slide to the final solution continued in 1939 when Jews had to hand over all gold and silver items, they lost rights as tenants and are relocated into Jewish houses, denied the right to hold government jobs, are forbidden to be outdoors after 8 p.m. in winter and 9 p.m. in summer. Himmler in this year also issues instructions to the SS in Poland regarding treatment of Jews, stating they are to be gathered into ghettos near railroads for the future final goal. . Jews are forbidden to own wireless (radio) sets, a forced labor decree issued for Polish Jews aged 14 to 60, and yellow stars are required to be worn by Polish Jews over age 10. In 1940 Jewish Ghettos are being utilized more and more by the Nazis and many Jews are forced to live in them. The concentration camp is also being used more and more, new ones are being put up, and old ones are being expanded. .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927 , .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927 .postImageUrl , .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927 , .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927:hover , .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927:visited , .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927:active { border:0!important; } .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927:active , .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927 .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Art Review - Jesus and His Friends Essay In 1942 the final solution begins, at Auschwitz in Bunker I Zyklon-B was used in the mass killings. Zyklon-B originally was just an insecticide and disinfectant; only through experimentation did the Nazis learn about its lethality to humans. Jews were told they were to get a shower and were herded into sealed rooms. Special holes in the ceiling allowed Germans to drop the Zyklon-B tablets in, it was a very painful death. The Wannsee Conference also occurred in this year, it was a discussion about how to kill the Jewish race on a larger scale, to coordinate the extermination of the Jewish Race. The SS begins to cash in the possessions of the murdered Jews at Auschwitz. Clothes, watches, pens, anything confiscated from the Jews is confiscated, and distributed wherever the Nazis see fit. Many mass murders of begin to take place in Germany and its conquered territory. One example is in the Ukraine, women are stripped, taken to a ravine and shot. Atrocities like that really show how inhuman man can be. By 1943 over 1 millions Jews have been killed, and its only the beginning. One interesting note of resistance that took place was in the Warsaw Ghetto. 1200 Jews armed with pistols, grenades, and Molotov cocktails, fought the SS squads that had been sent to liquate the ghetto. Though they were unsuccessful, the resistance group took out 300 German soldiers, and wounded 1000. In 1944 one atrocity that took place was the raid on childrens home at Izieu. 44 Children were arrested, and only 1 eventfully survived. These kids had been sent to France to escape the death that was the Nazi menace, but they could not get away from it. A record was set this year too, Auschwitz records its highest-ever daily number of persons gassed and burned at just over 9000. Six pits are used to burn bodies, because the ovens were all full. Later in the year though, as the Russians advanced upon the camps, the Jews were forced to go on Death Marches, these forced marches were made so the advancing Russians would not catch the Germans. Most of the inmates on these marches either dropped dead from exertion or were shot by the SS when they failed to keep up with the column. As World War II came to a close, many Nazi officials tried to hide the evidence of the death camps, but they were unsuccessful, the horrors that had taken place there were revealed to the world. In the end around 6 million Jews died as a result as the Holocaust. Holocaust is a word of Greek origin meaning sacrifice by fire. . The people that died in it did not have to. Only through the participation of the German and other people did it occur. Today we say that something like the Holocaust could never happen again, but it can. If groups of people are dehumanized like the Jewish race was in these times, another Holocaust could easily happen. Its important to look at the early laws that were passed in Germany, how easy it was to start the machinery that allowed 6 million people to die. Its the duty of every citizen, of every country to make sure that it does not happen again. Future generations need to keep the events that happened during World War 2 and before it, or they are doomed to repeat them.