Milk Plant Essay Example for Free

Milk Plant Essay Exercises identified with different milk gathering occur in this milk gathering dock. Clearly, this area ought to have satisfactory space for emptying of jars, examining, reviewing, gauging, testing and capacity of milk and cleaning of jars. By and large this RMRD is furnished with interconnected chain transports to move the jars from the emptying point to the gauge balance and from the outlet of the can washer to the stacking point. Other gear that discover a spot in this RMRD incorporate gauge balance, dump tank, can washer and so forth. Milk Processing Section It is situated close to the RMRD segment. This area will be sufficiently open to suit milk chiller, pasteurizer (generally HTST in enormous dairies), homogenizer, cream separator, milk stockpiling tanks, Cleaning In Place tanks (CIP tanks) and reconstitution unit. Crude milk tanks are commonly situated at a raised level Milk Filling Section Sachet recording machines are introduced in this segment. Normalized, sanitized milk is put away in tanks situated at more elevated level than the ground to encourage gravity taking care of. The topped off pockets are moved by transport line and put away in cases and thusly the boxes are moved to the chilling chamber which is situated close to the milk filling area. Promptly close to the milk filling segment is the box washer room which supplies cleaned cartons to the filling segment constantly. Milk Production Section This segment is found adjoining the milk preparing area. The excess fat got during the cream partition activity is handled as cream and this area incorporates cream stockpiling tanks, margarine stir, spread liquefying tank, ghee boilers, ghee stockpiling tanks and ghee filling and bundling units. Profound cooler equipped for cutting down the temperatures up to - 30Â °C is kept in this segment for protecting the dairy items. Result segment This room is situated close to the milk item segment. The gear and the utensils that discover a spot in this area incorporate casein drying unit, casein tank, acrid cream separator, spread stir for harsh cream and offices to deal with soured milk. Parlor Products Section In this segment, hardware for the worth included items like frozen yogurt, peda, masala margarine milk, shrikhand and so forth are given. Milk Drying Section. In a greater dairy, milk gathering and drying units are generally introduced. This incorporate milk gathering plant, consolidated milk tanks, homogenizer, splash or drum drying gear, nitrogen bundling chamber, and tins and container bundling units. Quality Control Laboratory The quality control area is commonly situated close or if nothing else effectively open to the crude milk accepting dock. It has offices to test the liquid approaching milk, milk items testing, bundling materials testing, bacteriological and mycological investigation and AGMARK reviewing segments. Normally, this segment suits all the gear required for the quality control tests. Refrigeration and Boiler Sections Though viewed as assistant to the primary dairy tasks, the refrigeration and evaporator segments by the by, do assume a crucial job in the preparing of milk and dairy items. They can be housed in the principle dairy building itself or situated in a different structure nearby the primary plant. The refrigeration segment comprises of smelling salts blowers, beneficiaries, chilled water tanks, and so on. Condensers are typically situated on the top of the refrigeration segment or outside the structure. The kettle segment incorporates the boilers, water relaxing units, water tanks for delicate water stockpiling and coal stockpiling or heater oil stockpiling segment. UTILITY Power utilized 11kv Transformer-750VA transformer(step somewhere near) utilizing it we step down voltage levels from 33kv to 11kv for appropriation to substations where the 11kv is additionally ventured down to 415v. [pic] Low strain board is utilized Metering Panel Board-These Metering Panel Boards are made of16/2mm/2. 5 mm cold rolled, gentle steel metal clad, unattached, completely encased, work space type, completely compartmentalized, open air/indoor establishments and reasonable for procedure on 11kV, 3ph, 50Hz. , and AC earthed framework. The board contains the types of gear and parts total with transport bar interconnections, control wiring, assignment names, alert notification, EB fixing and cushion locking offices any place required. [pic] MV PANEL-The Switchboards are planned and created remembering future development of the Industry. All the walled in areas are created out of 16/14 SWG CRCA steel sheets and they are likewise powder covered [pic] DISTRIBUTION PANEL Distribution Panels or board is a sort of segment of power flexibly framework that is utilized for the division of electrical force feed into auxiliary circuits. It gives a defensive wire or electrical switch in a typical walled in area. There is arrangement of a primary switch, at least one leftover [pic] STEAM-PRESSURE OF STEAM-14kg/cm2, 14 bar Types of Boilers There are a wide range of sorts of boilers in the engine compartment today in an assortment of warming applications. There are two primary classes of boilers among the various kinds of boilers and those two classifications are steam and high temp water boilers. Both of those classifications can be energized by oil, gas, or electric (albeit electric is remarkable for steam boilers). They have various plans and channeling setups as a steam kettle framework is intended to transformed the water into steam and uses gravity and strain to convey the warmth and the high temp water heater frameworks are intended to just make boiling water to be circled (by a circulator or siphon) through a funneling framework to give heat. Commonly, high temp water boilers are more proficient than steam boilers for a couple of reasons. In the first place, there is less warmth misfortune all through the high temp water channeling and the shell of the kettle on the grounds that the heated water evaporator works at a lower temperature than the steam heater. This implies there is less warmth misfortune all through the whole kettle and channeling framework. Besides, on the grounds that the high temp water evaporator works at a lower temperature, it requires less fuel or vitality to change over into heat. What sort of kettle do you have in your engine compartment? [pic] Water Tube Boilers Water tube boilers have a wide range of cylinders within it that have water flowing through them. Hot burning gases encompass these cylinders and a trade of warmth is acknowledged from the ignition gases to the cylinders and water. The water tube boilers can be worked for higher limits and weights than the fire tube boilers in light of the fact that the steam or potentially heated water is bound in the cylinders. Water Tube Boiler sizes extend from 10 million BTU/h boilers all route up to 300 million BTU/h and these boilers are commonly found in medium to huge business/modern utilize and can be either steam or heated water evaporator in low to high weight heater applications. These boilers can be either oil kettle, coal heater, or gas terminated evaporator and pass hot pipe gases around tubes loaded up with water. Kettle burning efficiencies rely upon a few components for these boilers including: regardless of whether it is steam evaporator or high temp water kettle, ignition controls, pipe dampers, recurrence of check ups as well as air as well as water pre-warmers (heater economizers). Fire Tube Boilers Fire tube boilers bind the burning procedure and gases in cylinders and water circles around these cylinders. Some fire tube boilers have turbulators within the cylinders to cause disturbance of the vent gases. This builds the warmth retention into the water which makes the heater increasingly productive. Fire Tube Boilers go in sizes from . 6 million BTU/h up to 50 million BTU/h heater these utilization hot pipe gases going through cylinders lowered in water commonly found in medium to enormous evaporator business/modern utilize and can be either steam or high temp water boilers in low to medium weight applications. Again similarly as with the water tube kettle burning efficiencies rely upon a few factors as noted previously. There are different names applied to various fire tube boilers, for example, Scotch Marine, train, firebox, and vertical or level bring tube back. Consolidating Boilers [pic] Condensing Hot Water Boiler Between steam and high temp water and water cylinder and fire tube boilers there exists traditional barometrical boilers and gathering boilers. The gathering heater is definitely more effective than the customary air kettle. A consolidating heater normally has two warmth exchangers and retains more warmth from the pipe gases. It really ingests such a great amount of warmth from the gases that dampness in the pipe gases consolidates and needs a channel to deplete off. This dense fluid is exceptionally destructive and it is essential for the maker to fabricate the gathering heater out of unique materials to forestall consumption to the gear. Normally, the pipe is PVC channel or treated steel and is impervious to the destructive impacts of the buildup. Moreover, in light of the fact that so much warmth is expelled from the pipe gases, the results of the ignition procedure need assistance to be securely vented. Typically a fan is utilized to either push or haul these gases out of a vent. Consolidating boilers are commonly evaluated at 90 or more productivity appraisals though the ordinary environmental boilers are regularly appraised at around 80 percent in addition to. Regular Atmospheric Boilers Conventional climatic boilers don't utilize a blower engine to expel the burning side-effect gases. Rather they depend on the ignition gases to have enough warmth to make the gases ascend through the vent and diverted securely outside of the home. On the off chance that for reasons unknown an excess of warmth is expelled from the pipe gases buildup can happen inside the vent or fireplace. This buildup can have destructive impacts to both the vent and the smokestack and cause serious issues. It is significant that a certified HVAC specialist assess the heater and that they check of the temperature of the pipe gases. Utilizing a burning analyzer, a certified specialist can tune the heater to ensure that the temperat

The Mise

The Mise-en-Scene and Camerawork Essay Dissect the Effects Created for the Spectator by the Mise-en-Scene and Camerawork in the Sequence Lynns Bedroom LA Confidential, coordinated by Curtis Hanson and co-delivered by Brian Helgeland, is a neo-noir film taking a gander at defilement and publicity impacted by the press (Hush magazine) certain parts of the police power and the high society impact of Mickey Cohen on the Sunset Strip. It just depicts certain components of Film Noir and in a significant present day design when it does. There isn't a lot of smoking in LA Confidential as maybe there is in most Film Noir, anyway we figure out how to get a few components of thwarted expectation and suspicion. The femme fatale in this film doesn't adhere to the typical principles of a conventional femme fatale in spite of the fact that could well be persuaded that she does, towards the start. Lynn Bracken initially presented wearing a dark shroud with a white trim around the hood encompassing her face. Early introductions propose that she could be our femme fatale, as dark is a shade of debasement and puzzle. We will compose a custom exposition on The Mise-en-Scene and Camerawork explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We likewise go over her residence an enormous studio-type room, white and stylised. It mirrors the foundation that we would find in a VIP photograph shoot. The bed we see is in the living room, which appears to us a weird spot for it to be. It is raised up and on a hard, dark, wooden stage-like square. The spreads are glossy silk and exquisite proposing a practically phony environment and making a spot where no one could truly act naturally. There are plants out of sight, however they are green and spiky and have no blossoms. This proposes much to a greater degree a phony air and trickiness in the room. The remainder of this arrangement and the mise-en-scene included depicts no specific sentiment of solace. It is caused to look and to feel organized as everything from camerawork and lighting, to the props on the set pass on a cool, awkward and un-plain picture and everything is made resplendent and delicate. It is practically similar to the famous actor Lynn Bracken is imitating. In the second dare to Lynns house we see her releasing a client followed by indifferently cleaning up her studio-type room. This is just the second time we have seen it and the first occasion when it was appeared, was giving us a general foundation on her instructing us that she is a Veronica Lake look-a-like whore. There is a thump on the entryway and she goes to open it. We see her response went for some time before the camera slices to who she is taking a gander at and we understand it is Bud White. We at that point move onto the following part if the scene, straight into her room. This is the place the mise-en-scene comes without hesitation and we become familiar with Lynn as an individual. Lynn makes the way for the room and straight away we see a delicate, orange, sentimental and simple light creation the room warm and welcoming and moderate, delicate and delicate music starts to play permitting us to feel the sentimentalism of this close scene. She remains back and permits him to stroll ahead and take in his environmental factors, this suggesting she isn't working at this point. She looks practically virtuous as she stands just past the entryway, and as Bud stroll ahead the picture is made of her letting him take control and we can see that he depicts a dad type figure. The camera slices to another edge currently indicating us the room, which Bud has been welcomed into. Our early introductions are that it is a little room like somebody really lives there and isn't only for appear. We see pictures in casings of blossoms on the divider, demonstrating a girlie and extremely typical side to Lynn. It likewise reveals to us something about her preferences. These photos differentiation to the photographs of Veronica Lake in her other room. The bed is commonly American with the genuine white iron bedposts, possibly not the most elegant, anyway it permits us to see her simple and warm side. .ub41c6b684183567c0a27a3a42805b3a1 , .ub41c6b684183567c0a27a3a42805b3a1 .postImageUrl , .ub41c6b684183567c0a27a3a42805b3a1 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ub41c6b684183567c0a27a3a42805b3a1 , .ub41c6b684183567c0a27a3a42805b3a1:hover , .ub41c6b684183567c0a27a3a42805b3a1:visited , .ub41c6b684183567c0a27a3a42805b3a1:active { border:0!important; } .ub41c6b684183567c0a27a3a42805b3a1 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ub41c6b684183567c0a27a3a42805b3a1 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ub41c6b684183567c0a27a3a42805b3a1:active , .ub41c6b684183567c0a27a3a42805b3a1:hover { darkness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ub41c6b684183567c0a27a3a42805b3a1 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .ub41c6b684183567c0a27a3a42805b3a1 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .ub41c6b684183567c0a27a3a42805b3a1 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ub41c6b684183567c0a27a3a42805b3a1 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub41c6b684183567c0a27a3a42805b3a1:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ub41c6b684183567 c0a27a3a42805b3a1 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ub41c6b684183567c0a27a3a42805b3a1-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ub41c6b684183567c0a27a3a42805b3a1:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Marion Isaac McClinton: tuning in for the music EssayWe can see net window ornaments, this proposing softness and giving little beams of light access to her room, this identifying with Bud. There is a light remained on a pleasant wooden bedside table. The camera slices to a nearby perspective panning shot. Above all else on the table where we can intently observe little mis-coordinating desert plants on a plate, informing us perhaps something concerning her and her experience or where shes from. This is all close by some cooking books and a wooden cut light, with a somewhat plain doily positioned flawlessly underneath it. Proposing perhaps her grandma had made, everything adding further to the unattractiveness and solace of her room. The camera dish further across to the bed where there are cotton sheets, dissimilar to the moviestar glossy silk sheets in Lynns studio, these cotton sheets ingest and absorb the climate encompassing this room rather that brutally reflecting it back as do the glossy silk pads in the studio. This continues fortifying how ordinary she is. We see a natively constructed pad on the bed, this letting us know as a group of people and to Bud, that she is a common nation young lady from Arizona as this is what is hand weaved on the pad. This is significant for us to know, as we would now be able to assume that the Lynn Bracken, who lives in this room, is totally not the same as the Veronica Lake look-a-like that we have recently met. Out of sight to this we can see the flower designed pads in pinks and yellows. These are warm and plain hues, in this manner proposing to us that this I s a warm and simple spot prevented from securing all debasement that would occur in Lynns Veronica Lake room. Lynn goes to plunk down on the bed and brings down her head as though she is embarrassed, since she has demonstrated Bud her genuine self. Bud comforts her by kissing her brow and grasping her, which, is very dad and youngster like conduct, relating back to prior when she originally let him into her room. This in this manner inverts her typical conduct in these circumstances as for the most part she would be the individual in control, anyway when we see her letting Bud take control, it just helps us significantly more to remember the differentiation between her work character and her genuine character. As they kiss and she lays back on the bed, the bars of the now separate us as the watcher and them suggesting that we are presently being nosy and this is excessively close to home and cozy for us to see. We presently start to understand that Bud and Lynn are two harmed spirits and have discovered each other in this personal and delicate second. This scene is made significant by its solid differentiation to the show-Veronica Lake-room. Taking everything into account we can see that through mise-en-scene Lynn Brackens two altogether different sides and lives can be appeared. It is all basically outlined in props and view uncommonly distributed to enable the crowd to evoke their own significant viewpoints. Along these lines making the remainder of the film progressively important in itself and permitting the crowd to comprehend it better.

Old Writer, New Book Hostage by Elie Wiesel

Old Writer, New Book Hostage by Elie Wiesel In 2005, I traveled to Mexico City a few times. On one of those trips, I spent the afternoon roaming the city with some friends, and stumbled across a bookseller in the street. I had hesitated to buy books on any of my previous trips because they are quite expensive there. I saw something, though, that caught my eye. It was a book by Gabriel Garcia Marquez that I had never heard of. I thought that I had read pretty much everything at that point, but there was a copy of something called Memoria de mis putas tristes. I bought it, thinking that I would challenge myself to read it without consulting my Spanish-English dictionary any more than absolutely necessary. My plan was to read the Spanish edition first, then hunt down an English copy as soon as I had finished it. That day came and went, and I was feeling pretty proud of myself because I thought had gotten most of the jokes. I thought if I could just get my hands on an English copy, I would finally be able to laugh at them all. I was quite surprised to discover that the book had only been released in Spanish a few months before I purchased it, and the English translation, Memory of My Melancholy Whores, was not due out until several months later. I had thought that Garcia Marquez had stopped writing fiction long before that. To discover that I had something new, something that my professors had not read, that the bookstores did not carry, was mind-blowing. To discover that he was still writing, and that he was as good as ever, was exciting. There are other writers out there that I do not expect to see new titles from. They are older now, and they might still make appearances or write the occasional essay. We do not expect them to be hard at work on a new book. We assume their stories have been told. Ray Bradbury stands out as an exception to this rule. Garcia Marquez has proven that he is, too.   While perusing the fall catalogs earlier this week, I learned that I could add another name to that list Elie Wiesel,   Nobel Peace Prize recipient and author of Night. I read   Night in both high school and college. I knew that he had written several other novels, including the two follow-ups to Night, but I have not read very many of them. I have read his essays and listened to his speeches. I knew that he was still active politically, but I had no idea that he was still writing. I read the description for Hostage and was intrigued by the opening statement, which reads: The acclaimed novelist and Nobel laureate returns to the subjects that have brought him the widest critical and commercial success He went away from those subjects? He was not a critical and commercial success? When did that happen? I realized that I had missed out on more than a few of Wiesels novels, and when I explored some of the most recent titles, I saw that they were not always received favorably, though reviewers seem to go out of their way to be gentle with their criticism.   The Los Angeles Times review of   his 2010 novel The Sonderberg Case is just one example: Along with Wasserman, we hope for illumination from Sonderbergs story, but it comes to us hurriedly, secondhand, partly in paraphrase. Unfortunately, the stilted style and convoluted rendering of this key scene are typical of The Sonderberg Case â€" in contrast to Night, which is simple, direct, harrowing, unforgettable. Judging by the reaction I got when I tweeted the news of Wiesels new book. there are a lot of people who are just as excited as I am. There are also a lot of people who did not realize that it was not all that long ago that he had a new title hit the shelves. The fact that these books have gone largely unnoticed makes me wonder what I can expect from this new title. Will it be as satisfying as Night?  Should I set my expectations that high? Or should I take Hostage with a grain of salt, as I would do with so many other writers who are as prolific as Wiesel has been? The difference in this situation being, of course, that I did not know he had been writing this whole time.   How did I not know that? These days, it is not uncommon to have a book on my shelves before the general public.   Sometimes they are sent to me with a request to be reviewed on my blog. Other times I ask for something that catches my eye. If there is a book from a prominent author that catches my eye, I expect that I will have to wait until it hits the stores. I do not even ask. Normally. I did this time, and I was lucky. I will let you know what I think of it a bit closer to the August 21st release date. Now, if there was just some way to substantiate the 2010 rumor that theres a new Garcia Marquez novel, titled Well Meet in August, I would be a happy lady. Thats one book that I would give up my first-born child to get my hands on.

Board Diversity As An Effective Corporate Governance

Board Diversity as an Effective Corporate Governance Tool in a Developing Economy: Challenges and Prospects. NAME: BASSEY EDIDIONG OFFIONG The thesis will examine the effect of board diversity as a critical factor for ensuring effective corporate governance among public companies across the globe. The motivation for the research came on the backdrop of the approval of the European Commission proposal by the European Parliament to improve the gender balance in company boards last year which calls to question what are the developing countries doing. It is hoped that at the end of this research, the study would contribute significantly to the Literature on Corporate governance exploring the issue of diversity (especially gender) in†¦show more content†¦5. Do secondary forms of Diversity have an overall effect on the profitability of the company? Background and motivation According to Cox â€Å"Diversity is the variation of social and Cultural identities among people existing together in a defined employment or market setting† Primary categories of diversity include gender, race, ethnicity, age etc. Secondary categories of diversity include education, experience, marital status, beliefs, and backgrounds. The Nigerian Code of Corporate governance states that the Board should be of a sufficient size relative to the scale and complexity of the company’s operations and be composed in such a way as to ensure diversity of experience without compromising independence, compatibility, integrity and availability of members to attend meetings. From this clause, it is quite clear that not much has been put in terms of legislation by the Nigerian government to ensure diversity in the boardrooms as compared to their foreign counterparts who have established legislation on gender diversity. They are usually in form of quota such as Norway, or comply and explain requirements e.g. Australia. Although the Millennium development goals advocates gender equality to be accomplished by 2015, many developing countries including Nigeria still fall short of the mark. In Nigeria, for example, there are places where women and girls have no voice with women having no say in decisions that concern them such as marriage, business

Pros And Cons Of Energy Drinks - 1177 Words

As the selling of energy drinks begin to accelerate quickly over the years there has been the pros and cons of these kinds of beverages. Researchers have been finding evidence where adolescents have stated the hazards and benefits of these common drinks. In the early 2000s the percentages of consumptions of energy drinks from young children including early adults have rapidly been increasing over the years. The evidence that the Pediatrics is stating is proven and have reported that in 2003 an average of 16 percent of teenagers have frequently been consuming drinks until in 2008 the percentage has completely elevated to 35 percent. And to this day researchers are investigating the rating of people rushing through the emergency rooms due to†¦show more content†¦Researchers have stated that the reason why energy drinks hold so much caffeine is because guarana is another type of component that holds more caffeine. As the saying goes, another ingredient that holds in is sugar. S ugar substance can hold â€Å"21 grams to 34 grams per 8 ounces† sugar comes from substance of â€Å"sucrose, glucose or high fructose corn syrup†. If consumers drink energy drinks twice they are most likely be drinking about more than 100 milligrams of sugar in it. Young Americans who drinks these types of drinks are at high risk because it may lead to sudden death or increasing of fat and dental complications. Overall sugar causes effective health problems through an individual’s body reasoning to having a maximum amount of sugar that contains in these beverages. Another compound that is found in energy drinks is Taurine. Taurine is helpful for an individual body because it can sustenance by increasing you brain mentality and can elevate in physical performances. This type of element is also found in food such as meat and seafood and especially for dairy milk; however, researchers have stated that when it comes to Taurine in energy drinks is unhealthy since it is higher than in normal foods but there is no backup evidence that it is unwholesome for a person’s body. Ginseng is also provided in energy drinks and there has been saying that this type of ingredient supports your body by accelerating physical performances, â€Å"strengthens the immune system andShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of Energy Drinks959 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen a constant battle between whether energy drinks are beneficial or harmful to our health. A common positive claim on the subject is the increase in energy to make it through the day. Adversely, it is said these drinks are too high in sugar and cause health issues. While there may be temporary benefits in consuming energy drinks, I feel the cons over rule. Live Strong, a trendy health site, recently posted an article on the advantages of drinking energy drinks. The focus on the claims revolve aroundRead MoreFactors Influencing The Positioning Of Crescent712 Words   |  3 Pagessegmentation is based on demographic and psychographic. In the market research, it is clear to see that the largest group of energy-drink consumers were males between ages 18 and 34, and Roughly half of men drank sports drinks, while only a third of women. Choosing a sports drink or an energy drink is inextricably linked to the age and sex of the customers.in addition, the sale of energy drinks with lower levels of caffeine and purer ingredients were rising due to consumer demand for healthier food and beverageRead MoreCoca-Cola Brazil - Tubainas War Essays1343 Words   |  6 Pages1. Briefly summarize the major characteristics of the Brazilian soft drink market. †¢ There were more than 3500 brands of soft drink in Brazil, manufactured in more than 700 plants in 2004. From 1986 to 2003 nonalcoholic drink consumption lead to 11.6 billion liters with average year to year growth of 13.92%. †¢ Post economic stabilization in Brazil, per capita consumption of soft drinks shot up 60% from 1994 to 1999. †¢ According to Brazilian Market Research Association classification of five socialRead MoreCrescent Case Essay959 Words   |  4 Pagesis not a healthy alternative for energy drinks. Most of these drinks are full of high fructose corn syrup and loaded with extreme amounts of caffeine. Crescent give the consumers a healthy alternative to this option. The trend these days is towards more organic and healthier choices. Crescent is just that. It gives the option for a healthy version of an energy drink which is much needed. The Energy Drink market is growing at a much faster rate than the sport drink market as well as the fitting intoRead MoreDr Pepper Snapple Case1412 Words   |  6 Pageslengthy discussion on the energy beverage market in the United States. As a brand manager for Snapple beverages at the Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc., he was charged with assessing whether or not a profitable market opportunity existed for a new energy beverage brand to be produced, marketed, an d distributed by the company in 2008. Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc. was the only major domestic nonalcoholic beverage company in the United States without a significant branded energy drink of its own. The decisionRead MoreStrategic Marketing 3 March With Solution 2 3 4 5 1860 Words   |  8 PagesCrescent is PDB’s first entry in the US sport and/or energy beverage market, what must PDB do in regard to Crescent’s pending launch? 3 2. What factors should influence the positioning of Crescent? (textbook chapter 7-8-9) 9 2.1 Crescent pure as Sports Drink 9 3. How is the market segmented? At what segment should Crescent be targeted? Fout! Bladwijzer niet gedefinieerd. 4. What are the pros and cons of positioning Crescent as an energy drink, a sports drink, or a healthy organic beverage? Fout! BladwijzerRead MoreThe Effects Of Popular Energy Drinks On Young Adults And Teenagers1410 Words   |  6 PagesPopular energy drinks, such as Rockstar, 5-Hour Energy, and Monster are consumed by individuals, as a way to remain cognizant, as well as alert, throughout their day. Many of the people consuming these drinks are young adults and teenagers. These people are oftentimes overwhelmed and busy. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website, states, â€Å"Energy drinks are beverages that typically contain caffeine, other plant-based stimulants, simple sugars, and other additives. They are very popularRead MoreThe Pros Of Drinking Coffee Essay1990 Words   |  8 PagesGrowing up, I was always told not to drink coffee because it supposedly was bad for my health and was very addicting; a bad habit. Due to not being presented the pros of drinking c offee every day, I never understood why people drank it in the first place. As I aged, I became aware of these pros, but I didn’t know if the pros and cons I was told about were true for everyone. I also wasn’t certain if I knew of all the possible pros and cons, simply because I never drank coffee before. To erase thisRead MoreThe Gatorade Sports Drink Company1701 Words   |  7 Pages The Gatorade sports drink was founded in 1965 by a group of university physicians at University of Florida after an assistant coached asked the why his football players were so affected by the heat. This lead to the discovery and invention of a carbohydrate and electrolyte drink to help replenish and refuel the nutrients lost through sweat and exercise. The University of Florida’s mascot is the Gator, which is how they came up with the name Gatorade. PepsiCo acquired Gatorade in 2001. Gatorade alsoRead MoreThe Leeds Livery Essay1546 Words   |  7 Pagesincome with minimum risk? Porters Five Forces Analysis 1. Buyer Power Who? Individuals and businesses Low switching cost for customers Customers are attracted by low price with high quality standards high 2. Supplier Power Who? Labour, food and drink providers Low cost of switching suppliers 3. Substitutes High number of substitutes such as restaurants, hotels, motels, bars Substitute products entry is high Maintain customer satisfaction and comfort creates low room for substitutes There isn’t

Compare and Contrast the Role of Lay Personell Free Essays

Compare and contrast the role of and function of judges, lawyers and lay people within the English courts Lay people are individuals with no legal training from a variety of backgrounds which is said to be used to promote an equal society. The role of Magistrates and Jurors are similar in ways of characteristics needed; for example both must be aged 18-70 and those who are in the police or have previous criminal convictions are ruled out. The selection process is however very different, the Lord Chancellor will appoint lay magistrates on behalf of the queen whereas jurors are selected by an electoral register for the area in which the court is situated and is done by a computer at the Central Summoning Bureau. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast the Role of Lay Personell or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lay Magistrates are unpaid, part time volunteers whereas jurors are also unpaid but may be unwilling however failure to attend can result in prosecution or a fine. Magistrates can claim a small allowance and compensation for lost earnings. Both parties make their decision based on facts, such as guilt or innocence in trials whereby the difference is that Magistrates can sentence the defendant whereas jurors cannot. Both are used in the right for a †trial by our peers†, ordinary people with experience of real life situations. Jurors will serve for a period of usually two weeks as apposed to Magistrates who will serve part time for different periods of time. Although lay magistrates and district judges do a very similar job there are many differences between how they work, their qualifications and employment. Lay magistrates, otherwise known as Justice of the Peace sit in magistrate’s courts, generally in groups of three, whereas judges usually sit alone. 1999 there were 90, of whom about 20% were women, whereas there are an almost equal number of men and women magistrates, showing that judges are not a mirror image of trial by ones peers such as lay people. Judges are members of the professional judiciary who are legally qualified and salaried, working full time whereas the lay magistrate and jury are not paid and work part time/ a period of two weeks. Judges have practised for at least 7 years as a barrister or a solicitor. One way to become a solicitor is have ‘A’ levels and go onto a Law degree then do 1 year on a legal practice course, then do a 2 year training period. One way to be a barrister is to do a Law degree then become a member of an Inn court and dine at the Inn or attend weekend courses, then do a 1 year ocational training course before being called to the bar. No formal qualifications are required for a lay magistrate or jury, but they do need intelligence, common sense, integrity and the capacity to act fairly. Lay magistrates are appointed by the Lord Chancellor (on behalf of the Queen) on the recommendation of the 100 local advisory committee, judges are also appointed by the Lord Chancellor and are appoi nted from those who have held advocacy qualifications for seven years. Soliciters play a totally different role all together, they tend to work alongside a Legal executive with the Legal executive being the Solicitors assistants, they will deal with the more straight forward cases themselves such as preparing wills or leases and also have limited rights of audience in court, mainly making applications in the County court where cases are not defended. Barristers are the specialists of the court room. However once a barrister receives his/her certificate to practice they undertake a completely different life style. This life requires them to dress in dark black gowns and white woolen wigs whilst they advocate in courts such as the crown court. They also wear this â€Å"uniform† whilst they are in their chamber and when they are giving out legal advice on their specialist subject of higher law unlike lay people who do not require a uniform and soliciters must wear a smart suit. Soliciters will instruct a Barrister for their client, and unlike barristers will establish a compelling defence for the barrister to then stand up in court and argue it for the client. However both parties must have a comprehesive understanding of law and soliciters can also give Barristers law advice on cases of law. E. g. negligence, wills, conveyancing etc. Unlike lay people and soliciters practicing Barristers are usually self-employed but usually work from sets of chambers with approximately 20 members in order to share administration costs and a clerk. More recent access to Justice act gives solicitors the right to do advocacy so they can also appear in court as advocates but need to gain an advocacy certificate before they can do so, unlike barristers. How to cite Compare and Contrast the Role of Lay Personell, Papers

What Was The Holocaust Essay Example For Students

What Was The Holocaust Essay The Holocaust remains, and will continue to remain as one of the most horrific things that has happened to a group of people. The absolute inhumanity of the Holocaust puzzles people even today. Contemporary people wonder just how it happened, how could a people be systematically killed, tortured, murdered. The answer will probably never be found, but future generations can avoid something like the Holocaust by studying it, and never forgetting The Nazis did not start out with The Final Solution, which did not come till later. The first step on the path to that solution was the Nazi decree defining a non-Aryan as anyone descended from non-Aryan, especially Jewish, parents or grandparents. One parent or grandparent classifies the descendant as non-Aryanespecially if one parent or grandparent was of the Jewish faith. . The distinction of who was Aryan and who were not was very important to Hitler. This distinction allowed the Jews and others to be discriminated against. At this time the German people probably have no idea what these laws will lead to. Next came the exclusion of the Jew from the arts by the Reich Chamber of Culture, every time a right was stripped away from a Jew it was easier to view them as not human. In September of 1933 the Nazis prohibit Jews from owning land, the rights of the Jewish people were being taken away at a frightening pace. In 1934 more was done to the Jewish race. Jews are banned from the German Labor Front, not allowed national health insurance, and prohibited from getting legal qualifications. The following year Nazis ban Jews from serving in the military, force Jewish performers/artists to join Jewish Cultural Unions, and the Jew Codes (Nuremberg Race Laws) were established. These Jew Codes prohibited many things, not only was it against the law for an Aryan to marry a Jew, it was against the law to have sexual relations between Aryans and Jews also. Jews were also no longer considered to be citizens of Germany, they were now subjects. In 1938 things continued to get worse with the order for Jews to register wealth and property, Jewish owned businesses were to register, Jews were prohibited from trading and providing a variety of specified commercial services, the Nazis ordered Jews over age 15 to apply for identity cards from the police, Jewish doctors were prohibited by law from practicing medicine, and Jewish passports to be stamped with a large red J. . The world community noted this obvious anti-Semitism, but nothing was done. Another slap in the face was Kristallnacht or the The Night of the Broken Glass. This was an organized Nazi raid upon Synagogues, Jewish homes, and even Jews themselves. Many synagogues were burned to the ground, and fire departments did nothing, or they made sure the fires did not spread to nearby non-Jewish homes. Any insurance claims that were made, the state of Germany confiscated, and the Jews were ordered to actually pay one billion marks for that night. The continuing slide to the final solution continued in 1939 when Jews had to hand over all gold and silver items, they lost rights as tenants and are relocated into Jewish houses, denied the right to hold government jobs, are forbidden to be outdoors after 8 p.m. in winter and 9 p.m. in summer. Himmler in this year also issues instructions to the SS in Poland regarding treatment of Jews, stating they are to be gathered into ghettos near railroads for the future final goal. . Jews are forbidden to own wireless (radio) sets, a forced labor decree issued for Polish Jews aged 14 to 60, and yellow stars are required to be worn by Polish Jews over age 10. In 1940 Jewish Ghettos are being utilized more and more by the Nazis and many Jews are forced to live in them. The concentration camp is also being used more and more, new ones are being put up, and old ones are being expanded. .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927 , .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927 .postImageUrl , .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927 , .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927:hover , .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927:visited , .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927:active { border:0!important; } .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927:active , .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927 .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udd05efff5eca2376200554b426b4b927:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Art Review - Jesus and His Friends Essay In 1942 the final solution begins, at Auschwitz in Bunker I Zyklon-B was used in the mass killings. Zyklon-B originally was just an insecticide and disinfectant; only through experimentation did the Nazis learn about its lethality to humans. Jews were told they were to get a shower and were herded into sealed rooms. Special holes in the ceiling allowed Germans to drop the Zyklon-B tablets in, it was a very painful death. The Wannsee Conference also occurred in this year, it was a discussion about how to kill the Jewish race on a larger scale, to coordinate the extermination of the Jewish Race. The SS begins to cash in the possessions of the murdered Jews at Auschwitz. Clothes, watches, pens, anything confiscated from the Jews is confiscated, and distributed wherever the Nazis see fit. Many mass murders of begin to take place in Germany and its conquered territory. One example is in the Ukraine, women are stripped, taken to a ravine and shot. Atrocities like that really show how inhuman man can be. By 1943 over 1 millions Jews have been killed, and its only the beginning. One interesting note of resistance that took place was in the Warsaw Ghetto. 1200 Jews armed with pistols, grenades, and Molotov cocktails, fought the SS squads that had been sent to liquate the ghetto. Though they were unsuccessful, the resistance group took out 300 German soldiers, and wounded 1000. In 1944 one atrocity that took place was the raid on childrens home at Izieu. 44 Children were arrested, and only 1 eventfully survived. These kids had been sent to France to escape the death that was the Nazi menace, but they could not get away from it. A record was set this year too, Auschwitz records its highest-ever daily number of persons gassed and burned at just over 9000. Six pits are used to burn bodies, because the ovens were all full. Later in the year though, as the Russians advanced upon the camps, the Jews were forced to go on Death Marches, these forced marches were made so the advancing Russians would not catch the Germans. Most of the inmates on these marches either dropped dead from exertion or were shot by the SS when they failed to keep up with the column. As World War II came to a close, many Nazi officials tried to hide the evidence of the death camps, but they were unsuccessful, the horrors that had taken place there were revealed to the world. In the end around 6 million Jews died as a result as the Holocaust. Holocaust is a word of Greek origin meaning sacrifice by fire. . The people that died in it did not have to. Only through the participation of the German and other people did it occur. Today we say that something like the Holocaust could never happen again, but it can. If groups of people are dehumanized like the Jewish race was in these times, another Holocaust could easily happen. Its important to look at the early laws that were passed in Germany, how easy it was to start the machinery that allowed 6 million people to die. Its the duty of every citizen, of every country to make sure that it does not happen again. Future generations need to keep the events that happened during World War 2 and before it, or they are doomed to repeat them.

Bahrain Geography, History, Culture, Economy

Bahrain Geography, History, Culture, Economy Population: 738,004 (July 2010 estimate)Capital: ManamaArea: 293 square miles (760 sq km)Coastline: 100 miles (161 km)Highest Point: Jabal ad Dukhan at 400 feet (122 m)Bahrain is a small country located in the Persian Gulf. It is considered a part of the Middle East and it is an archipelago that is made up of 33 islands. The largest island of Bahrain is Bahrain Island and as such it is where most of the countrys population and economy is based. Like many other Middle Eastern nations, Bahrain has recently been in the news due to increasing social unrest and violent anti-government protests. History of Bahrain Bahrain has a long history that dates back to at least 5,000 years ago, at which time the region served as a trading center between Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley. The civilization living in Bahrain at that time was the Dilmun civilization, however, when trade with India declined around 2,000 B.C.E, so too did their civilization. In 600 B.C.E, the region became a part of the Babylonian Empire. According to the U.S. Department of State, little is known about Bahrains history from this time until the arrival of Alexander the Great  in the 4th century B.C.E.During its early years, Bahrain was known as Tylos until the 7th century when it became an Islamic nation. Bahrain was then controlled by various forces until 1783 when the Al Khalifa family took control of the region from Persia.In the 1830s, Bahrain became a British Protectorate after the Al Khalifa family signed a treaty with the United Kingdom which guaranteed British protection in the event of a military conflict with Ottoma n Turkey. In 1935, Britain established its main military base in the Persian Gulf in Bahrain but in 1968, Britain announced the end of the treaty with Bahrain and other Persian Gulf sheikdoms. As a result, Bahrain joined the eight other sheikdoms to form a union of Arab emirates. However, by 1971, they had not officially unified and Bahrain declared itself independent on August 15, 1971.In 1973, Bahrain elected its first parliament and drafted a constitution but in 1975 the parliament was broken up when it tried to remove power from the Al Khalifa family which still forms the executive branch of Bahrains government. In the 1990s, Bahrain experienced some political instability and violence from the Shia majority and as a result, the government cabinet underwent some changes. These changes initially ended the violence but in 1996 several hotels and restaurants were bombed and the country has been unstable off and on since then. Government of Bahrain Today Bahrains government is considered a constitutional monarchy and it has a chief of state (the countrys king) and a prime minister for its executive branch. It also has a bicameral legislature that is made up of the Consultative Council and the Council of Representatives. Bahrains judicial branch consists of its High Civil Appeals Court. The country is divided into five governorates (Asamah, Janubiyah, Muharraq, Shamaliyah, and Wasat) that is administered by an appointed governor. Economics and Land Use in Bahrain Bahrain has a diversified economy with many multinational firms. A large part of Bahrains economy depends on oil and petroleum production, however. Other industries in Bahrain include aluminum smelting, iron pelletization, fertilizer production, Islamic and offshore banking, insurance, ship repairing and tourism. Agriculture only represents about one percent of Bahrains economy but the main products are fruit, vegetables, poultry, dairy products, shrimp, and fish. Geography and Climate of Bahrain Bahrain is located in the Middle Easts Persian Gulf to the east of Saudi Arabia. It is a small nation with a total area of just 293 square miles (760 sq km) spread out over many different small islands. Bahrain has a relatively flat topography consisting of desert plain. The central part of Bahrains main island has a low elevation escarpment and the highest point in the country is Jabal ad Dukhan at 400 feet (122 m). The climate of Bahrain is arid and as such it has mild winters and very hot, humid summers. The countrys capital and largest city, Manama, has an average January low temperature of 57ËšF (14ËšC) and an average August high temperature of 100ËšF (38ËšC).​ References Central Intelligence Agency. (11 February 2011). CIA - The World Factbook - Bahrain. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ba.html Infoplease.com. (n.d.). Bahrain: History, Geography, Government, and Culture- Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0107313.htmlUnited States Department of State. (20 January 2011). Bahrain. Retrieved from: state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/26414.htmWikipedia.com. (27 February 2011). Bahrain - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain

Learn About Greenland

Learn About Greenland Since the eighteenth century, Greenland has been a territory controlled by Denmark. In recent years, however, Greenland has regained a considerable level of autonomy from Denmark. Greenland as a Colony Greenland first became a colony of Denmark in 1775. In 1953, Greenland was established as a province of Denmark. In 1979, Greenland was granted home rule by Denmark. Six years later, Greenland left the European Economic Community (the forerunner of the European Union) in order to keep its fishing grounds from European rules. About 50,000 of Greenlands 57,000 residents are indigenous Inuit. Greenlands Independence From Denmark It wasnt until 2008 that Greenlands citizens voted in a non-binding referendum for increased independence from Denmark. In a vote of over 75% in favor, Greenlanders voted to reduce their involvement with Denmark. With the referendum, Greenland voted to take control of law enforcement, the justice system, coast guard, and to share more equality in oil revenue. The official language of Greenland also changed to Greenlandic (also known as Kalaallisut). This change to a more independent Greenland officially took place in June 2009, the 30th anniversary of Greenlands home rule in 1979. Greenland maintains some independent treaties and foreign relations. However, Denmark retains ultimate control of foreign affairs and defense of Greenland. Ultimately, while Greenland now maintains a great deal of autonomy, it is not yet a fully independent country. Here are the eight requirements for independent country status with regard to Greenland: Has space or territory which has internationally recognized boundaries: yes Has people who live there on an ongoing basis: yes Has economic activity and an organized economy. A country regulates foreign and domestic trade and issues money: mostly, although the currency is the Danish kroner and some trade agreements remain the purview of DenmarkHas the power of social engineering, such as education: yes Has a transportation system for moving goods and people: yes Has a government which provides public services and police power: yes, although defense remains Denmarks responsibilityHas sovereignty. No other state should have power over the countrys territory: no Has external recognition. A country has been voted into the club by other countries: no Greenland reserves the right to seek complete independence from Denmark but experts currently expect that such a move is in the distant future. Greenland will need to try on this new role of increased autonomy for a few years before moving to the next step on the road to independence from Denmark.

Classifying talent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Classifying talent - Essay Example The first talent chosen for the analysis is playing the piano. It is really a talent for it involves performance of musical pieces with special ability of mind and hands and virtuosity. In other words, playing the piano as a talent requires physical, mental and psychological skills. The uniqueness of this talent lies in the ability to master the musical instrument and being able to perform the hardest musical pieces in front of the audience, under psychological pressure. It is complexity of musical pieces, hours, days and even months of hard work on the performance and virtuosity which make this talent admirable and great. Overall, a person who has this talent obtains such characteristic features as diligence, patience to work a lot of time and not to give up, love of the beautiful, and perseverance. One more relatively wide-spread talent is dancing. This talent lies in a person’s ability to use his / her physical abilities to perform eye-pleasing movements to music and both render and trigger emotions. Thus, this talent also requires mental, psychological and, more importantly, physical skills. The uniqueness of this talent is in a person’s perseverance and hard work to get particular physical skills to be able to perform very specific and complex movements. Very often, it is physical form and gracefulness that are usually praised in this talent. Just like any other talented person, one that has this talent is hard-working, diligent, patient, and passionate. Today, there are many actors but not so many of them have a real talent of acting, which lies in the ability to get into characters and perform in front of an audience or camera. This talent requires mostly mental and psychological skills which allow some kind of transformation and influence on the viewers’ minds. The uniqueness of the talent lies in the person’s ability to warm to the role so much so that other people

Applied Theory of Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Applied Theory of Economics - Essay Example China and India have progressed exponentially, with current estimates clearly showing how they would be the worlds biggest economies in sheer volume by 2050.Countries like South Korea, Taiwan & Singapore, once minor shipping ports are now among the economic elites of the world, on par with any developed nation today. These spectacular developments have been due to the great flexibility the capitalist system has demonstrated in granting everyone a stake in this brave new world. But with all that being said it also has a dark side attached to it as well. Poor nations with poor legislation on labor rights, wages, health & safety, poor government monitoring and manipulation by many rogue corporations over the ages have put into question the humanitarian aspect of trade. Arguing that corporations shifting production capacities elsewhere are susceptible to exploit the labor and other available resources of their host countries. In my humble opinion ,with the exception of a few highly publi cized cases, the net result of free trade for the developing world has been beneficial .It has alleviated poverty on national levels, led to transfer of modes of technology & made the world more cosmopolitan and integrated . Below are some of the arguments that in my opinion reflect very favorably on the effect of free trade on the developing world. Free trade is not just an economic practice it's a way of life, a political philosophy. "A major source of objection to a free economy is precisely that it [...] gives people what they want instead of what a particular group thinks they ought to want." (Friedman, n.p.) Below are in my opinion some points that argue favorably in the case of free trade for the developing world. Free Trades Alleviates Poverty More cannot be said of free trades vitality in increasing the fortunes of developing world. With the every specific shift of a production capacity in that particular or municipality a steady stream of labor is required. By gaining employments workers get means for their livelihoods and purchasing power. The cumulative effect is on a national scale. One can look no further than the birth of middle class in China & India. They alone have been a major factor in stimulating their local economies with their spending patterns. Free Trade Removes Likeliness of War it's no secret that all commerce flourishes in peaceful times. Especially in this integrated world when there are vested interests in another countries well being. Although the incidence of war hasn't been totally eliminated, by and large majority of the world the developing world has enjoyed prosperity over the decades. In fact, so many nations have entered into regional pacts to gain access to each others markets, to remove import quotas & for freer flow of resources in between their borders. All of these points which are the cornerstone of the Free Trade phenomenon. And in turn Organizations geared towards the free market ideal such as NAFTA (North American Free Trade Organization), EU (European Union) & WTO (World Trade Organization) have shown resounding success since the time of their

Prostitution in 18th Century

Prostitution in 18th Century Prostitution in Europe in the 18th century was a widely accepted in the European society despite religious leaders and the government efforts to contain it. Pornography was a flourishing business. Even poets wrote about these beautiful sexy girls. It was one of the few arenas that women could gain economic independence.  [1]  The prostitution could be classified into different classes. There those who were mistress to prominent men, those worked in urban taverns, tea parlor, bawdy houses, theatres and even on the streets. The mistresses attained social success, riches and even derived power from prostitution. Prostitutes especially from low socio-economic background were vulnerable and subjected to cruelty, sanction and reformation throughout the 18th century. Background information Prostitution has been in existence throughout human history and it is regarded as the oldest profession. During medieval times prostitution in Europe was tolerated with public bathtubs giving prostitutes channel of contact with their customers. In other places such as Victoria, England prostitution was disgraceful but at the same time accepted a necessary social and sexual outlet for men.  [2]  It was considered to be less evil if a middle-class man engages in a sexual relationship with a prostitute other than being engaged in a sexual relationship with another middle-class mans wife or daughter. 18th century was tremendous for England. It was the time it became Great Britain, lost thirteen of its colonies, launched industrial revolution and achieved parliamentary government.  [3]  It was an age when men struggled to be reasonable. Life was leisurely and everything was elegant. This created an enabling environment for flourishing of prostitution. Prostitution gave men of the middle and high class sexual gratification which they could not obtain from their partners. During this era capitalism flourished making the political class swim in riches leaving the lower class people (those who worked in industries such as textile industries) to live in abject poverty. Thus many engaged in prostitution for financial gain. As mentioned earlier, the society tolerated prostitution. England being a male dominant society, men were freer to engage in promiscuity before marriage and within marriage. They could give money to buy sex. In contrast women rarely paid money in exchange for sex on the contrary they went into prostitution for monitory gain. They desperately required financial independence but there were very few opportunities for them to achieve it. Thus prostitution was the alternative channel for them. Presence of public bathtubs in England in the 18th century where prostitutes could freely find customers shows that prostitution was widely accepted in England. Vern and Bonnie Bollough affirm that prostitutes provided men with sexual outlet before and during marriage.  [4]   Initially, poets praised prostitution, representing young prostitutes as healthy, fresh and lovely.  [5]  This shows that prostitutes were held in high social status. The role was significantly accepted in the society. Prostitutes in London could even advertise their services on card which were distributed throughout the city.  [6]  However over time, this perception changed. The society later understood that there were negative consequences of prostitution. There was increased spread of diseases, illegitimate children and poverty tarnished the initial image.  [7]  Perfect image of a mother flourished as sensibility and concern for the health overpowered the spirit of sexual experimentation. Prostitution became ridicule in public discussion. It was represented as filthy, degraded and diseased. Why prostitution flourished in England in the 18th century Several factors led to flourishing of prostitution in England and more so in London in the 18th century. London being a port city received many sailors. There were several districts in the city that provided for sailors.  [8]  One of the best known districts was Ratcliffe Highway that lay on the north of Wapping water-front.  [9]  Although subsequent kings of England made effort to keep prostitution away from London, they did not succeed much. Streets like Shareditch, Petticoat Lane, Cheapsides,s Grope cunt Lane, and Clerkenwell were very common with prostitutes. The period between 1750 and 1850 was characterized by great economic change in England.  [10]  British agricultural revolution in the 18th century was characterized by high agricultural output. This led to population explosion and people had look for alternative jobs to meet their needs and those of the population. It is this agricultural revolution that ushered in industrial revolution. During the agricultural revolution women used to work alongside their husbands in the farms. However, industrial revolution at the end of 18th century caused people to migrate to the urban areas to seek better pay in the industries.  [11]  Introduction of machinery made it difficult for women to work in industries and therefore other social duties were relegated to women. These jobs were not well paying. As a result some women ventured into prostitution in order to become economically sufficient. Industrial revolution great Britain lead to improvement of economic status of many people. There was money to spend on anything elegant including prostitutes especially by the people of the high-class. More bathhouses, theatres and alehouses were opened in London. Bathhouses mainly concentrated around Covent Garden and unlike the stews of earlier centuries they were more luxurious. Theatres and alehouses became newly fashionable coffeehouses and public tea-gardens such as the Dog and Duck in St. Goerges Fields.  [12]  Some brothels could even have a card table among the attractors of the house. Lack of strong government policies to contain the vice made it to flourish instead. Decrees to close down alehouses and theaters made prostitution to spread to other areas. The involvement of aristocrats in prostitution fueled it more. Prostitution cut across all social classes. Unlike the poor who even live entirely on the streets, elegant women practiced prostitution in Kings Place off Pall Mall or Miss Fawklands in St. James Street. The high-class prostitutes catered for wealthy men, aristocrats and members of parliament.  [13]  They did their trade in freedom without being troubled by any threat of official hindrance. High economic independence associated with women who practiced prostitution also fueled increase of prostitution in London in the 18th century. Mistresses to aristocrats and members of parliament were held in high esteem by other women in the society. This motivated other women to go into prostitution to gain economic independence. Effects of increase in prostitution on lives of the people The government of England tried very much to reduce prostitution in England and particularly in London. Laws were put in place to close down brothels and alehouses which were areas of trade for the prostitutes. Those who defied the law were convicted and jailed making their lives even more miserable. Most of the women who engaged in prostitution were teens. They never wanted to get pregnant has this would interfere with their trade. They used different methods to protect themselves from becoming pregnant. Chemicals and plant extracts such as wormwood, hyssop and fassron among others were used without much consideration of the harm they might cause.  [14]  When these methods failed they would wait until the baby is born and then kill. Some prostitutes also died in their effort to abort the fetus. All this consequences of prostitution affected their psychological well-being. This added misery to their poor state. Increase in prostitution increased incidences of venereal diseases mainly syphilis. Many died of the disease for fear of seeking treatment. This was a lot stigma attached to the disease even at the hospitals. For example the addition of wards in Lock Hospital allowed discrimination of patients and women thought to be blamable in the contraction of the disease were isolated from the innocent.  [15]  Men of high social status could not also seek treatment due to fear of tarnishing their social standing. Some of them being married transmitted the disease to their partners. Who suffered the brunt of stigma attached to the disease although innocent. Venereal diseases and the stigma attached to it cut short further the lives of the people of London already languishing in poverty. Prostitutes state of life Life was very difficult for the prostitutes especially after the initial image of prostitutes as healthy, fresh and beautiful had been marred were regarded as diseased, and disgraceful. Their social status dwindled and the society alienated them. They had caused a lot of problems in families and the society in general. Abandoned children were on the increase because they were not ready to take up responsibility of parenthood. Some left these children with their old parents who were burdened with responsibility of bring up the children. Worse still, the rise in prevalence of venereal diseases was attributed to prostitution. They became people who should be sympathized with. Slump in their social status caused them to be objects of oppression, exploitation and coercion. Life became so hard for the prostitutes. They became people who should be sympathized with and many organizations sprang up to assist them. The health status of prostitutes worsened with the spread of venereal diseases like syphilis. The sickly could no longer go out on the streets to earn money which further aggravated their health status because they could not afford treatment. With no source of income even affording food was difficult. The economic status of prostitution reduced when the image of prostitution as a noble job changed. The fact that they were no longer well tolerated by the society meant fewer clients. Clients became even fewer due to fear of contracting venereal diseases. Government policies directed to reducing prostitution in London and other cities of England saw some brothels and alehouses closed. Places where prostitutes could meet their clients freely became fewer and those that remained could not be accessible to the poor class of prostitutes. They became even poorer with very little to sustain themselves. Most of the women who engaged in prostitution were from poor background. They had little education that could have helped them to find other kinds of work away from prostitution unlike the women from high social status who engaged in prostitution on part-time. They had education that helped them to find work elsewhere. With kings decrees to close down brothels and alehouses, prostitutes from poor socio-economic class could not be able to find work elsewhere making sink further into poverty. They went on practicing prostitution in secret and of course with fear of interference by the law. On the other hand, women of high socio-economic status who practiced prostitution were less affected by laws imposed against prostitution. Even when the king gave decree of closing down brothels and alehouses those that belonged to people of high-class were never interfered with. Those who were mistresses to aristocrats and members of parliament felt secure from the law. Conclusion Prostitution in the 18th century has two stages. The initial stage is where it is widely tolerated in the society and even poets sang praises of prostitutes. They were beautiful, lovely and healthy. The provided a sexual outlet for men. Its increase was fueled by the explosion of population during the British agricultural revolution. The farms could no longer provide employment for everybody. The Agricultural revolution lead to industrial revolution that saw introduction of machinery in the industries. Women were believed to be unable of driving the machines due to their weaker body as compared to men. The society relegated other duties to women and many joined cottage industry, others became domestic servants and others prostitution. Some women opted for prostitution a means of earning money that was so much needed and it was tolerated by society. However, the image of prostitution took a twist in mid-18th century. Due to rise in prevalence of syphilis attributed to prostitution as well as increase in number of illegitimate children, society started regarding prostitution as diseased and disgraceful. The prostitutes suffered alienation from the society, exploitation, poor economic status, ill-health, and became objects of oppression and coercion.

Monsanto SWOT Essay

Monsanto Company (Monsanto or the company) offers agricultural products to farmers. Its products include seeds, biotechnology trait products, and herbicides. Monsanto has operations in the US, Canada, Europe, South America, Asia, and Africa. It is headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri and employs about 26,100 people, of which more than 5,500 people are temporary employees. The company recorded revenues of $11,822 million during the financial year ended August 2011 (FY2011), an increase of 12.8% over FY2010. The operating profit of the company was $2,502 million in FY2011, an increase of 56.1% over FY2010. The net profit was $1,607 million in FY2011, an increase of 46.6% over FY2010. SWOT ANALYSIS Monsanto offers agricultural products to farmers that include seeds, biotechnology trait products, and herbicides. The company has a leading market position in various geographies based on product portfolio of well recognized brand names. However, increasing instances of infringement of intellectual property rights can result in the company’s brand dilution and loss of revenue. Strengths Strengths Leading market position Monsanto is a leading global provider of agricultural products for farmers. The company’s strong brand portfolio allows it to have a commanding position in various countries. Its most popular brands include Roundup, Dekalb, Asgrow, De Ruiter, Deltapine, and Seminis. Roundup is the company’s flagship brand. It is also one of the most popular herbicides in the world. Asgrow, Deltapine, and Dekalb are genetically altered seeds (cotton, corn, soybean, and canola), which tolerate weeds and resist bugs. Seminis and De Ruiter are strong brands in the vegetable seeds business. Monsanto’s offerings of high yielding variety seeds under well recognized brand names makes it a leading player in most of the countries where it operates. Monsanto enjoys easy market penetration in new geographies based on its product portfolio which comprises well recognized brand. The company’s strong brand portfolio enhances its market leadership position. Strong focus on research and development (R&D) Over the years Monsanto has become a leading supplier to farmers for their agricultural needs because of its ability to deliver innovative products suiting their requirements. The company has developed competencies in applying bioengineering to agriculture. Moreover, Monsanto’s traits technologies enable it to develop herbicides and seeds with superior traits such as weed resistant, drought resistant, and improved yield. The company invests a substantial portion of its revenue towards research and development (R&D) per year. In FY2011, the company’s investment in R&D amounted to $1,386 million, an increase of 15% over FY2010. Monsanto has also entered into a number of strategic collaborations to expand its R&D capabilities further. For instance, in March 2011, Monsanto and Sapphire Energy (Sapphire) announced an agreement to enter into a multi-year collaboration that would leverage Sapphire’s algae-based research platform to discover genes that could be applied to agriculture, particularly in the field of yield and stress. In the same month, Monsanto and BASF reached an agreement to collaborate on the advancement of dicamba tolerant cropping systems. Further, BASF has agreed to supply formulated dicamba herbicide products to the company. To further boost its R&D capability, the company has established two new R&D centers, one each in China and the US. The research center in China will initially participate in early-stage of bioinformatics and genomics research, and will serve as a base for collaborations with Chinese scientists. The other research center in Texas, the US will focus on cotton research and will act as the central point for the company’s breeding and testing programs in the High Plains region. Monsanto’s focus on applying bioengineering to agriculture not only gives it a competitive edge but also enables it to revitalize its product portfolio. Moreover, its continuous focus on delivering seeds with new and improved traits helps it to cater to changing consumer preferences by offering value driven products to customers. Wide customer base Monsanto’s business operations have been well diversified be it in the terms of products offered or the geographical reach. The products offered by its seeds and genomics and agricultural productivity segments complement each other well and offer a complete solution to farmers and other customers. In FY2011, Monsanto derived 72.6% of its revenues from the seeds and genomics segment, while the agricultural productivity segment accounted for the remaining 27.6% of the total revenue. Geographically, in FY2011, the US, Europe-Africa, and Brazil accounted for 53.9%, 12.8%, and 10.8% of the company’s revenue, respectively. The remaining areas that contributed to the revenues of Monsanto were Asia-Pacific, Argentina, Canada, and Mexico, among others. Diversified operation dilutes the company’s business risk and helps Monsanto to cater to a wider customer base. It further insulates the company from economic fluctuations in any one region and thereby he lps it to generate balanced earnings. Legal proceedings Monsanto is involved in various legal proceedings. For instance, in January 2011, the Arkansas Teacher Retirement System filed a complaint alleging that Monsanto violated the federal securities laws by making false and misleading statements between January 7, 2009, and May 27, 2010, regarding its earnings guidance for fiscal 2009 and 2010 as well as the anticipated future performance of its Roundup business and the seeds and genomics business.They also claim that these statements artificially inflated the price of the stock and that purchasers of the stock during the relevant period were damaged when the stock price later declined. The company has also faced similar lawsuit in 2007. Further, in May 2011, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a Notice of Violation to the company, alleging violations of federal environmental release reporting requirements at Monsanto’s phosphorous manufacturing plant in Soda Springs, Idaho. The EPA has asserted that the alleged violations may subject the company to civil penalties. Misrepresentation of vital information and lack of precautionary measures results in penalties and disrupt the company’s operations. Moreover, distortion of information adversely affects the shareholders confidence and the profitability and credit rating of the company in the long run. Opportunities Growing demand for food products with reduced saturated fat and trans-fat Due to the increased awareness regarding the health issues caused due to the consumption of trans-fat, people in the US and in many European nations have been opting more healthier options. Increased consumption of trans-fat lowers blood levels of HDL (the good cholesterol) and leads to the elevation of LDL (considered the bad cholesterol). This ultimately leads to the hardening of the arteries and different coronary problems. Bowing to public pressure and litigation by various anti-trans-fat organizations, many food companies (Nabisco and Kraft Foods) in the US have taken active steps to remove trans-fat from their offerings. Companies like Taco Bell, KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken), Wendy’s, Arby’s, and McDonalds have also been trying to substitute high trans-fat cooking oils with other healthy alternatives. Keeping this trend in mind, Monsanto has been actively working on the development of seeds that will advance the growth of foods with reduced saturated fat and reduced or no trans-fat. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a response letter to Monsanto’s Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) notification. The FDA’s letter supports the use of oil from Vistive Gold soybeans (seed type manufactured by the company) to have less saturated fat and trans-fat. The new product would help the farmers to benefit from the premium pricing for their harvest once the oil from Vistive Gold soybeans is commercialized. Monsanto has already completed the US regulatory submissions to the US Department of Agriculture and FDA for the sale of Vistive Gol soybean. It has also made numerous regulatory submissions to the appropriate regulatory agencies around the world for the products commercialization. Once the necessary regulatory process is completed, Monsanto will be able commercialize its product. Through leveraging its expertise in developing seeds with novel traits and wide spread distribution network, Monsanto can become a leading supplier of seeds that produce crops with low saturated fat and trans-fat. It will help the company to expand its revenue base and gain a competitive edge over its peer group. Strategic agreements and acquisitions Monsanto has entered into a number of agreements and acquisitions in order to boost its market share and profitability. For instance, Monsanto acquired Divergence, a privately-held St. Louis-based biotechnology research and development company, in February 2011. In March 2011, Monsanto and Sapphire Energy announced an agreement to enter into a multi-year collaboration that would leverage the latter’s algae-based research platform to discover genes that could be applied to agriculture, particularly in the field of yield and stress. In the same month, Monsanto and BASF reached an agreement to collaborate on the advancement of dicamba tolerant cropping systems. Further, BASF has agreed to supply formulated dicamba herbicide products to the company. Further, in June 2011, Monsanto entered into collaboration with Amvac Chemical, a subsidiary of American Vanguard, to broaden its Roundup Ready PLUS weed management platform in the US. In September 2011, Monsanto and GrassRoots Biotechnology agreed to extend their existing three-year research collaboration for an additional two years through January 2014. In November 2011, Monsanto and Evogene announced a one-year extension to their five-year research and development collaboration focused on identifying key plant genes related to yield, environmental stress, and fertilizer utilization in corn, soybean, cotton, and canola. In March 2012, BASF signed a supply agreement with Monsanto for fungicide seed treatments for cotton and soybeans in North America. These strategic agreements and acquisitions will help Monsanto to build a stronger platform for the promotion of its brand image. It will strengthen the company’s market share and boost revenue growth. Strategic collaborations will also enhance Monsanto’s research capabilities and add to its market competitiveness. Growing population, especially in Asia Currently, the world population is more than 7 billion, as of October 2011 and is expected to reach 10.6 billion by 2050. As the population grows the demand for agricultural products is also going to rise. According to MarketLine (a unit of Informa) estimates, the Asia-Pacific agricultural products market (the agricultural product market consists of six segments: cereals; fruit, vegetables, roots, and tubers; oil crops and pulses; sugar crops and sweeteners; spices and stimulants; and nuts) grew by 4% in 2010 to reach a value of $915.4 billion. In 2015, the Asia-Pacific agricultural products market is forecast to have a value of $1,228.4 billion, an increase of 34.2% since 2010. The Indian agricultural products market, which accounted for 13.8% of the Asia-Pacific agricultural products market in 2010, grew by 14.8% in 2010 to reach a value of $126 billion. In 2015, the Indian agricultural products market is forecast to have a value of $217.5 billion, an increase of 72.6% since 2010. Monsanto is a leading player in most of the countries where it operates. Thus, it can leverage its expertise, distribution network, and product portfolio comprising well known brand names to cater to the growing demand for high yielding variety (HYV) seeds. Monsanto’s revenue and profit margins can tremendously increase as the demand for HYV grows, especially in Asia. Threats Infringement of intellectual property rights Protecting its intellectual property rights is very important for Monsanto’s business, particularly in the seeds and genomics segment. The company obtains and protects its intellectual property rights in jurisdictions in which the products are produced or used and in jurisdictions into which the products are imported. However, even if protection is obtained, competitors, farmers, or others in the chain of commerce may raise legal challenges to its rights or illegally infringe on the company’s rights, including through means that may be difficult to prevent or detect. In addition to this, due to the rapid pace of technological change, and the confidentiality of patent applications in some jurisdictions, competitors may be issued patents from applications that were unknown to the company prior to issuance. These patents could reduce the value of the company’s commercial or pipeline products. Therefore, protecting inventions is critical for Monsanto to meet the growing challenge of infringement of intellectual property rights. A failure to do so could mean substantial loss of revenue and market share, and brand dilution. Genetically modified organism (GMO) regulations Monsanto’s revenues could be negatively impacted in view of bans imposed on its genetically modified crops. The degree of public acceptance or perceived public acceptance of its biotechnology products can affect its sales and results of operations by affecting planting approvals, regulatory requirements, and customer purchase decisions. Public concern can affect the timing of the government approvals in different countries. Even if the approvals are granted, public concern can lead to increased regulation or litigation against government regulators concerning prior regulatory approvals. Recently, the European Commissioner approved the cultivation of GMO potatoes in Europe, but the decision has come under stiff criticism and protest from various groups working against the GMO crops. Similar regulatory controls could affect the company’s market position in various countries. As the regulations around the use of GMO crops intensify, Monsanto would face difficulty in expanding its market and growth of its revenue. Seasonal nature of sales of the seeds and genomics segment Monsanto’s business is greatly affected by seasonal changes mainly in the seeds and genomics segment. In FY2011, approximately 72% of the seeds and genomics segment’s sales occurred in the second and third quarters. This segment’s seasonality is primarily affected by the purchasing and growing patterns in North America. The seeds and genomics segment’s contribution to the overall revenue of the company has been steadily growing in the past few years. In FY2011, the segment accounted for 72.6% of the company’s revenue, up from 56% in FY2009. Hence, seasonal disturbances can adversely impact the overall sales of the company. Monsanto Company  © MarketLine Page 9 Copyright of Monsanto Company SWOT Analysis is the property of Datamonitor Plc and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder’s express written permission. 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Jeff Koons

Artist Research Assignment: Jeff Koons Jeff Koons was born in 1955 in York, Pennsylvania. When Koons was 7 years old, his parents put him in art lessons. In 1972 to 1975, he enrolled at Maryland Institute College of Art in Baltimore, Maryland. In 1975, he went to the School of the Art Institute of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois where he studied there for only 1 year. Then in 1976, he went back to Maryland College of Art in Baltimore, Maryland where he received his B. F. A. Jeff Koons has 4 sons with his wife Justine Wheeler-Koons, who is also an artist.He had one daughter named Shannon who as an infant was put up for adoption but in the mid-1990s, they reestablished a relationship together. Many of Koons works have sold for millions of dollars. Some of his major gallery exhibitions include the Museum of Contemporary Art in Chicago (1988), Walker Art Center in Minneapolis (1993), Deutsche Guggenheim in Berlin (2000), Kunsthaus Bregenz (2001), the Museo archeologico nazionale di Napoli ( 2003), the Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art, Oslo (2004), and the Helsinki City Art Museum (2005).Jeff Koons has received numerous awards and honors in recognition of his cultural achievements, and artworks. (â€Å"Koons, Jeff. † Art Full Text Biographies. Publisher of Original Publication: The H. W. Wilson Company, 2009. Web. 12 Oct. 2012. ) â€Å"I get all my inspiration from the real world, so I’m much more involved in just walking down the street†¦. and finding out what’s going on in the world then to look at another person’s interpretation. † Jeff Koons, Flash Art, Summer 1997. (Brettell, Richard R. Modern Art, 1851-1929: Capitalism and Representation. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999. Print. ).Based on the quote, he gets his ideas from objects around him that he sees and from there he develops an artwork. Jeff Koons uses cheap, throwaway objects, such as balloons or even ornaments, and with the materials he creates a large monument. (Doney, M alcolm, and Meryl Doney. The Oxford Children's A to Z of Art. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999. Print. ). Jeff Koons artwork appeals to me because its different and unique. I like the fact that he takes cheap objects that he finds and uses them to create these wonderful art pieces. When I was looking at Jeff Koons artworks, I thought back to our tutorial discussions/debates where we were arguing back nd forth about what is art and what is not art. Many people believe that Jeff Koons artwork is not considered art, however I believe that his artworks are considered art because its his own creation and it is a new kind art that we have not seen much of. From our lecture, Professor Brandon Vickerd talked a little about Jeff Koons, and he stated that â€Å"Some people would look at his work as pioneering and of major art-historical importance, while others view his work as kitsch: crass and based on cynical self-merchandising. † (Taken from PowerPoint).By researching this artist, I found t hat basically anything could be considered art as long as you make it your own, original and make it look interesting. Works Cited Scholarly Source: â€Å"Koons, Jeff. † Art Full Text Biographies. Publisher of Original Publication: The H. W. Wilson Company, 2009. Web. 12 Oct. 2012. Books: Brettell, Richard R. Modern Art, 1851-1929: Capitalism and Representation. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999. Print. Doney, Malcolm, and Meryl Doney. The Oxford Children's A to Z of Art. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999. Print. Images: â€Å"Jeff Koons. † Jeff Koons. N. p. , n. d. Web. 6 Oct. 2012. http://www. jeffkoons. com/site/index. html. Annotated Bibliography (â€Å"Koons, Jeff. † Art Full Text Biographies. Publisher of Original Publication: The H. W. Wilson Company, 2009. Web. 12 Oct. 2012. ) This source contains information about Jeff Koons life, career, artworks, exhibitions, and other interesting facts. It is important for my research because it gave me a better understanding about Jeff Koons, and all the important events that happened throughout his life. (Brettell, Richard R. Modern Art, 1851-1929: Capitalism and Representation. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999.Print. ) This source contains a quote that Jeff Koons said. It is important for my research because Jeff Koons tell us where he gets his inspiration for his artwork. (Doney, Malcolm, and Meryl Doney. The Oxford Children's A to Z of Art. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999. Print. ) This source contains information about Jeff Koons artwork. It is important for my research because it gave me a better understanding about the medium that Jeff Koons uses to create his artwork. (â€Å"Jeff Koons. † Jeff Koons. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. http://www. jeffkoons. com/site/index. html. This source contains information and images about Jeff Koons most famous artworks. It is important for my research because it gave me images and a description about the artworks. Two of Jeff Koons most popular artworks Jeff Koons is best know n for his so called dull and thoughtless works, which have included four-story-tall floral sculptures (Puppy) and massive chromium stainless steel balloon animals (Rabbit). ? This is Jeff Koons Sculpture called Puppy, which is made in a variety of flowers and its about 13 meters high (486 x 486 x 256 inches/ 1234. 4 x 1234. 4 x 650. 2 cm).This artwork was exhibited in Sydney, Australia at the Museum of Contemporary Art on December 12, 1995 to March 17, 1996. (â€Å"Jeff Koons. † Jeff Koons. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. http://www. jeffkoons. com/site/index. html. ) ? In 1989, Jeff Koons created one of his most famous artworks, which he called Rabbit (41 x 19 x 12 inches/ 104. 1 x 48. 3 x 30. 5 cm). He took an already made inflatable rabbit, and covered it in a highly polished stainless steel colour. The Museum of Contemporary Art in Chicago currently owns this piece. (â€Å"Jeff Koons. † Jeff Koons. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. http://www. jeffkoons. com/site/i ndex. html. )

Definition and Examples of English Imperative Sentences

In English grammar, an imperative  sentence  gives advice or instructions; it can also express a request or command. These kinds of sentences are also known as directives because they provide direction to whoever is being addressed. Types of Imperative Sentences Directives can take one of several forms in everyday speech and writing. A few of the most common uses include: A request: Pack enough clothing for the cruise.An invitation: Come by at 8, please.A command: Raise your hands and turn around.An instruction: Turn left at the intersection. Imperative sentences can be confused with other kinds of sentences. The trick is to look at how the sentence is constructed. (You) Are the Subject Imperative sentences may seem to have no subject, but the implied subject is you, or, as it is properly called, you understood. The proper way to write the subject is (you) in parenthesis, especially when diagramming an imperative sentence. Even when a proper name is mentioned in an imperative sentence, the subject still is you understood. Example: Jim, close the door before the cat gets out! — The subject is (you), not Jim. Imperative vs. Declarative Sentences Unlike a declarative sentence, where the subject and verb are clearly articulated, imperative sentences do not have a readily identifiable subject when written out. The subject is implied or  elliptical, meaning that the verb refers directly back to the subject. In other words, the speaker or the author assumes they have (or will have) their subjects attention. Declarative sentence: John does his chores.Imperative sentence: Do your chores! Imperative vs. Interrogative Sentences An imperative sentence typically begins with the  base form of a verb  and ends with a  period  or an  exclamation point. However, it can also end with a question mark in some instances. The difference between a question (also called an interrogative statement) and an imperative sentence is the subject and whether its implied. Interrogative sentence: Would you please open the door for me, John?Imperative sentence: Please open the door, would you? Modifying an Imperative Sentence At their most basic, imperative sentences are binary, which is to say they must be either positive or negative. Positive imperatives use affirmative verbs in addressing the subject; negatives do the opposite.   Positive: Keep both hands on the steering wheel while youre driving.Negative: Dont operate the lawnmower without wearing safety goggles. Adding the words do or just to the beginning of the sentence, or the word please to the conclusion— called softening  the imperative  Ã¢â‚¬â€makes imperative sentences more polite or conversational. Softened  imperatives: Do your chores, please. Just sit here, wont you? As with other forms of grammar, imperative sentences can be modified to address a particular subject, follow a proprietary written style, or simply add variety and emphasis to your writing. Adding Emphasis Imperative sentences also can be modified to single out a particular person or to address a group. This can be accomplished in one of two ways: by following the interrogative with a tag question or by closing with an exclamation point. Tag question: Shut the door, would you, please?Exclamative: Someone, call a doctor! Doing so in both instances adds emphasis and drama to speech and writing.